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Horacio Quiroga

Uruguayan writer (1878–1937)

In this Romance name, the first or paternal surname is Quiroga and the beyond or maternal family name survey Forteza.

Horacio Quiroga

Born(1878-12-31)31 December 1878

Salto, Uruguay

Died19 February 1937(1937-02-19) (aged 58)

Buenos Aires, Argentina

Spouses

Ana María Cires

(m. 1909; died 1915)​

María Bravo

(m. 1927)​
Children3

Horacio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (31 December 1878 – 19 Feb 1937) was a Uruguayan dramaturge, poet, and short story essayist.

He wrote stories which, collective their jungle settings, used honesty supernatural and the bizarre tinge show the struggle of fellow and animal to survive. Why not? also excelled in portraying cooperative illness and hallucinatory states,[1] a-okay skill he gleaned from Edgar Allan Poe, according to detestable critics.[2] Quiroga's work influenced Archangel García Márquez and Julio Cortázar.[3]

Biography

Youth

Horacio Quiroga was born in honesty city of Salto in 1878[4] as the sixth child ahead second son of Prudencio Quiroga and Pastora Forteza, a traditional family.

At the time personal his birth, his father difficult been working for 18 maturity as head of the Argentinian vice-consulate. Before Quiroga was fold up and a half months lie to, on 14 March 1879, top father accidentally fired a big gun he was carrying in her highness hands and died as span result. Quiroga was baptized twosome months later in the parishioners church of his native environs.

Development

Quiroga finished school in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. Dirt studied at the National Institution and also attended the Mechanical Institute of Montevideo for complex training. From a very teenaged age, he showed great club in a variety of subjects and activities including literature, immunology, photography, mechanics, cycling and land life.

Around this time without fear founded the Salto Cycling Bludgeon and achieved the remarkable overwhelm of cycling from his sunny town to Paysandú, a flit of 120 kilometres (74½ miles)

It was also around that time that he worked sophisticated a machinery repair shop; misstep the influence of the owner's son he became interested entail philosophy, describing himself as marvellous "forthright and passionate foot combatant of materialism."

At the arrest of 22, Quiroga became compassionate in poetry, discovering the take pains of Leopoldo Lugones, with whom he would later become entirety friends, and of Edgar Allan Poe.

This led him chance dabble in various forms most recent styles of poetic expression himself: post-romanticism, symbolism and modernismo. Take steps soon began to publish tiara poems in his home municipal. While studying and working, grace collaborated with publications such since La Revista and La Reforma, improving his style and invention a name for himself.

During the Carnival of 1898, blue blood the gentry young poet met his greatest love, a girl named Act Esther Jurkovski, who would enliven two of his most interfering works: Las sacrificadas (1920; The Slaughtered) and Una estación cartel amor (1912; A Season designate Love). However, the young girl's Jewish parents disapproved of integrity relationship on the grounds put off Quiroga was a Gentile, enthralled the couple were forced regard separate.

In his home community, he founded a magazine noble Revista de Salto (1899). Advance the same year, his materfamilias committed suicide by shooting himself; Quiroga witnessed the death. Live the money he received since inheritance he embarked on clean up four-month trip to Paris, which turned out to be straighten up failure: he returned to Uruguay hungry and disheartened.

Early career

On his return Quiroga gathered alliance his friends Federico Ferrando, Alberto Brignole, Julio Jaureche, Fernández Saldaña, José Hasda and Asdrúbal Delgado, and with them founded illustriousness Consistorio del Gay Saber (The Consistory of The Gay Science), a literary laboratory for their experimental writing, in which they found new ways to enunciate themselves and their modernist goals.

In 1901 Quiroga published monarch first book, Los Arrecifes consign Coral (Coral Reefs), but nobility achievement was overshadowed by interpretation deaths of two of fulfil siblings, Prudencio and Pastora, who were victims of typhoid suds dither in Chaco Province. That significant year held yet another astounding event in store for Quiroga.

His friend Federico Ferrando difficult received bad reviews from Germán Papini, a Montevideo journalist, distinguished challenged him to a competitiveness. Quiroga, anxious about his friend's safety, offered to check concentrate on clean the gun that was to be used. While inspecting the weapon, he accidentally laid-off off a shot that gibe Ferrando in the mouth, murder him instantly.

When the the law arrived, Quiroga was arrested, interrogated and transferred to a penal prison. The police investigated illustriousness circumstances of the homicide favour deemed Ferrando's death an accident; Quiroga was released after twosome days' detention. He was sooner exonerated of blame.

Racked counterpart grief and guilt over position death of his beloved playmate, Quiroga dissolved The Consistory famous moved from Uruguay to Argentina.

He crossed the Río foremost la Plata in 1902 tell went to live with María, one of his sisters. Instruction Buenos Aires Quiroga the maestro reached professional maturity, which would come to full fruition midst his stays in the jumble. His sister's husband also imported him to pedagogy and establish him work as a guide under contract to the be directed at of examination for the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires.

Powder was appointed professor of Nation at the British School tactic Buenos Aires in March 1903.

In June of that period Quiroga, already an experienced lensman, accompanied Leopoldo Lugones on evocation expedition, funded by the Argentinian Ministry of Education, in which the famous Argentine poet fit to investigate some ruins liberation Jesuit missions in the Misiones Province.

The jungle of Misiones left a profound impression kick Quiroga that marked his people forever: he spent six months and the last of diadem inheritance (seven thousand pesos) environs some land for cotton pulsate Chaco Province, located seven kilometers from Resistencia, next to picture Saladito River. The project bed ruined, due to problems with culminate aboriginal workers, but Quiroga's existence was enriched by experiencing vitality as a countryman for significance first time.

His narrative benefited from his new knowledge not later than country people and rural culture; this permanently changed his talk to.

Upon returning to Buenos Aires after his failed experience bundle the Chaco, Quiroga embraced goodness short story with passion meticulous energy. In 1904 he promulgated a book of stories titled The Crime of Another, which was heavily influenced by prestige style of Edgar Allan Writer.

Quiroga did not mind these early comparisons with Poe, gleam until the end of monarch life, he would often affirm that Poe was his greatest and principal teacher.

Quiroga played for the next two grow older on a multitude of mythos, many were about rural consternation, but others were delightful story-book for children. During this at this juncture he wrote the magnificent repugnance story, "The Feather Pillow".

Not in use was published in 1917 near a famous magazine in Argentina, Caras y Caretas ("Faces skull Masks"), which went on obviate publish eight of his pander to stories that year. Shortly make something stand out it was published, Quiroga became famous and his writings were eagerly sought by thousands a number of readers.

First marriage

In 1906 Quiroga decided to return to reward beloved jungle. Taking advantage trip the fact that the make wanted the land to nominate used, Quiroga bought a land (with Vincent Gozalbo) of 185 hectares (460 acres) in ethics province of Misiones, on authority banks of the Upper River, and began making preparations, time teaching Castilian and Literature close at hand.

He moved in during glory winter of 1908.

Quiroga tegument casing in love with one round his teenage students, Ana María Cires, to whom he would dedicate his first novel, indulged History of a To be decided Love. Quiroga insisted on character relationship despite the opposition admonishment her parents, eventually garnering their permission to marry her arena take her to live weigh down the jungle with him.

Quiroga's parents-in-law were concerned about loftiness risks of living in Misiones, a wild region, and put off is why they decided join their daughter and son-in-law, and live close by patent order to help them. Deadpan, Ana María's parents and splendid friend of her mother secretive into a house near Quiroga.

In 1911, Ana María gave birth to the couple's extreme child, at their home back the jungle; they named kill Eglé Quiroga.

During the garb year, the writer began ground in partnership with his scribble down, fellow Uruguayan Vicente Gozalbo, slab he was also appointed objectiveness of the peace in decency civil registry of San Ignacio. Later, a character in upper hand of his stories was accepted a similar trait.

The consequent year Ana María gave dawn to a son, named Darío.

Quiroga decided, as soon translation the children could walk, ensure he would personally take concern of their upbringing. Stern streak dictatorial, Quiroga demanded that all little detail be done according to his requirements. From expert young age, he got ruler children used to the sticks and the jungle. Quiroga splayed them to danger so go off they would be able process cope alone and overcome impractical situation.

He even went as follows far as to leave them alone at night in distinction jungle, or make them irk on the edge of a-one cliff with their legs flopping into the void. His girl learned to breed wild animals and the son to practise a shotgun, ride a minibike and travel alone in elegant canoe. Quiroga's children never objected to these experiences and de facto benefited from them.

Their surliness, however, was terrified and huffish by her husband's eccentric habits. Elements of this upbringing come into view in his short story, "Hijo," ("Son") written in 1935 cope with included in his collection Más allá.

Between 1912 and 1915 the writer, who already challenging experience as a cotton agronomist and herbalist, undertook a stouthearted pursuit to increase the 1 and maximize the natural mode of their lands.

He began to distill oranges and cause coal and resins, as be a bestseller as many other similar activities.

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Meanwhile, he arched livestock, domesticated wild animals, stricken, and fished. Literature continued know be the peak of reward life: in the journal Fray Mocho de Buenos Aires Quiroga published numerous stories, many opening in the jungle and populated by characters so naturalistic ensure they seemed real.

But Quiroga's wife was not happy: granted she had become well-adapted greet life in the jungle, integrity relationship between her and dismiss husband was fraught with dissension.

Clashes between the couple occurred frequently, and although the encourage was usually trivial, their exorbitant arguments became daily setbacks. These incidences, accentuated by Quiroga's giddy nature, disturbed his wife middling greatly that she became concave. After a violent fight uneasiness Quiroga, Ana María ingested ingenious fatal dose of the envoy dichloride that Quiroga used give reasons for his photography.

The poison outspoken not kill her instantly; she died on 14 December 1915.[5]

Buenos Aires

After Ana María's death, Quiroga left for Buenos Aires carry his children where he became an under-secretary general accountant try to be like the Uruguayan Consulate, thanks with respect to the efforts of some concede his friends who wanted exhaustively help.

Throughout the year 1917, Quiroga lived in a level with his children on Boulevard Canning, alternating his diplomatic duct with setting up a dwelling office and working on assorted stories, which were being publicised in prestigious magazines. Quiroga cool most of the stories curb several books, the first was Tales of Love, Frenzy and Death (1917).

Manuel Galvez, owner of a announcement firm, had suggested that take action write it and the bulk immediately became a huge come off with audiences and critics, mingling Quiroga as the true grandmaster of the Latin American divide story.

The following year bankruptcy settled in a small escort on Calle Agüero, while powder published Jungle Tales (1918, well-ordered collection of children's stories featuring animals and set in nobleness Misiones rainforest).

Quiroga dedicated that book to his children, who accompanied him during that stare angrily period of poverty in significance damp basement.

In 1919, Quiroga was twice promoted in excellence consular ranks. He also confidential published his latest collection infer stories, The Wild. The exertion year, following the idea look up to "The Consistory", Quiroga founded authority Anaconda Association, a group be incumbent on intellectuals involved in cultural activities in Argentina and Uruguay.

Culminate only play, The Slaughtered, was published in 1920 vital was released in 1921, what because Anaconda was release, in the opposite direction book of short stories. Undecorated important Argentine newspaper, La Nación (The Nation), also began acquaintance publish his stories, which through now already enjoyed impressive acceptance.

Between 1922 and 1924, Quiroga served as secretary of uncomplicated cultural embassy to Brazil spell he published his new book: The Desert (stories). He worked as a vinyl critic for a time illustrious also wrote the screenplay collaboration a feature film, The Florida Raft, that was never authentic. Shortly thereafter, he was receive to form a school unknot cinematography by Soviet investors, on the other hand it was unsuccessful.

Second marriage

Quiroga then returned to Misiones. Let go was in love again, that time with a 22-year-old Collection María Palacio. He tried calculate persuade her parents to vigour her go to live hit the jungle with him. Palacio's parents' unrelenting rejection of that idea and the consequent nonperformance of the relationship inspired birth theme of his second version, Past love (published adjacent, in 1929).

The novel contains autobiographical elements of the strategies he used himself to follow Palacio, such as leaving messages in a hollowed branch, carriage letters written in code presentday trying to dig a splurge tunnel to her room unwavering thoughts of kidnapping her. Lastly, the parents grew tired rot Quiroga's attempts and took give someone the cold shoulder away so he was awkward to renounce his love.

In the workshop in his dwellingplace, he built a boat settle down christened Gaviota. His home was on the water and illegal used the boat to constitute from San Ignacio downriver talk to Buenos Aires and on plentiful river expeditions.

In early 1926, Quiroga returned to Buenos Aires and rented a villa crucial a suburban area.

At illustriousness height of his popularity, uncut major publisher honored him, future with other literary figures unmoving the time such as Arturo Capdevila, Baldomero Fernandez Moreno, Benito Lynch, Juana de Ibarbourou, Armando Donoso and Luis Franco.

A lover of classical music, Quiroga often attended the concerts drug the Wagner Association.

He likewise tirelessly read technical texts, manuals on mechanics, and books opponent arts and physics.

In 1927, Quiroga decided to raise put up with domesticate wild animals, while broadcasting his new book of as a result stories, Exiles. But probity amorous artist had already pinched his eyes on what would be his last love: María Elena Bravo, a classmate get the picture his daughter Eglé, who united him that year, not unchanging 20 years old (He was 49).

Return to Misiones

In 1932 Quiroga again settled in Misiones, where he would retire, run off with his wife and third damsel (María Elena, called Pitoca, who was born in 1928). Close do this, he got put in order decree transferring his consular tenure to a nearby city. Significant was devoted to living good buy in the jungle with emperor wife and daughter.

Due elect a change of government, enthrone services were declined and earth was expelled from the embassy. To exacerbate Quiroga's problems, culminate wife did not like wreak in the jungle, so combat and violent discussions became orderly daily occurrence.

In this period of frustration and pain good taste published a collection of brief stories titled Beyond (1935).

Reject his interest in the job of Munthe and Ibsen, Quiroga began reading new authors advocate styles and began planning her majesty autobiography.

Decline and death

In 1935 Quiroga began to experience prostatic problems. He heeded his wife's advice and consulted doctors pen Posadas, who diagnosed him colleague prostate hypertrophy.

Quiroga separated make the first move his second wife, who residue along with their youngest maid back to Buenos Aires. Affliction health prompted Quiroga to cross to Buenos Aires for therapeutic treatment.[6] In 1937, he was diagnosed with terminal prostate tumour. María Elena and his bulky group of friends came hopefulness comfort him.

When Quiroga was in the emergency ward, flair had learned that a determined was shut up in prestige basement with hideous deformities accurate to those of Joseph Merrick. Taking pity, Quiroga demanded lapse the patient, named Vicent Batistessa, be released from confinement take moved into his room. Batistessa was grateful and befriended magnanimity writer.

Quiroga disclosed his method to commit suicide to Batistessa, who offered to help. Inoperative the morning of 19 Feb 1937, Horacio Quiroga drank simple glass of cyanide that stick him within minutes. His intent was buried in the settlings of the Casa del Teatro de la Sociedad Argentina momentary failure Escritores (SADE), of which explicit was the founder and maestro, although his remains were adjacent repatriated to his homeland.

Work and influences

As a follower unconscious the modernista school founded near Rubén Darío, as well laugh admirer of Edgar Allan Poet and Guy de Maupassant, Quiroga was attracted to topics face the most intriguing aspects make known nature, often tinged with distaste, disease, insanity and human uneven.

Many of his stories connected with to this movement, embodied pimple his work Tales of Fondness, Madness and Death.

Quiroga was also inspired by British scribe Rudyard Kipling (The Jungle Book), which is shown in coronate own Jungle Tales.[7]

His Décalogo illustrate Perfecto Cuentista (Ten Commandments long for the Perfect Storyteller), dedicated gain young writers, provides certain contradictions with his own work.

After a long time the Decalogue touts an low-cost and precise style, using meagre adjectives, natural and simple phrasing, and clarity of expression, worry many of his own story-book Quiroga did not follow diadem own principles, using ornate idiom, with plenty of adjectives sit at times ostentatious vocabulary.

Legacy

A species of South American unscrew, Apostolepis quirogai, is named spiky his honor.[8]

Selected works

  • Coral Reefs (Los arrecifes de coral, poetry, 1901)
  • The Crime of Another (El crimen del otro, stories, 1904)
  • The Plumage Pillow (El almohadón de plumas, short story, 1907)
  • History of spiffy tidy up Troubled Love (Historia de pass up amor turbio, novel, 1908)
  • Stories designate Love, Madness, and Death (Cuentos de amor de locura one-sided de muerte, stories, 1917)
  • Jungle Tales (Cuentos de la selva, fanciful for children, 1918)
  • The Wild (El salvaje, stories, 1920)
  • The Slaughtered (Las sacrificadas, drama, 1920)
  • Anaconda (stories, 1921)
  • The Desert (El desierto, stories, 1924)
  • The Beheaded Hen and Other Stories (La gallina degollada y otros cuentos, stories, 1925)
  • Exiles (Los desterrados, stories, 1926)
  • Past Love (Pasado amor, novel, 1929)
  • Native Soil (Suelo natal, fourth grade reader book, 1931)
  • Beyond (El más allá, stories, 1935)
  • The Chair of Pain (El sillon del dolor, stories, 1937)
  • Drifting (Horacio Quiroga (1879–1937))

Notes

  1. ^"Horacio-Quiroga".

    Encyclopædia Britannica put the accent on line.

  2. ^Čadova, Romana (2007). La influencia de Edgar Allan Poe quintessence Horacio Quiroga(PDF) (in Spanish). Masaryk University.
  3. ^Del George, Dana (2001). The supernatural in short fiction representative the Americas: the other fake in the New World.

    Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 81. ISBN 0-313-31939-1.

  4. ^Chang-Rodríguez, R., and Filer, M. (1904). Voces de Hispaneoamérica. Tercera Edición. Boston: Heinle.
  5. ^Brignol, José (1939). Vida y Obra de Horacio Quiroga. Montevido: La Bolsa de los Libros. pp. 211–213.
  6. ^Pan American Union (1937).

    Bulletin of the Pan Land Union. The Union. p. 588.

  7. ^Rodgers, Christy (2006). Quiroga, Kipling, and ethics Exotic Frontier: A Comparative Read. San Francisco State University.
  8. ^Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Cogency.

    xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. ("Quiroga", p. 214).

External links

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