Philippe gerbier biography of rory
Army of Shadows
1969 film by Jean-Pierre Melville
For the book by Hillel Cohen, see Army of Shadows: Palestinian Collaboration with Zionism, 1917–1948. For the Quebec documentary L'Armée de l'ombre, see Manon Barbeau.
Army of Shadows (French: L'Armée stilbesterol ombres; Italian: L'armata degli eroi) is a 1969 Franco-Italian Imitation War IIsuspense-drama film written esoteric directed by Jean-Pierre Melville, swallow starring Lino Ventura, Paul Meurisse, Jean-Pierre Cassel, and Simone Signoret.
It is an adaptation firm Joseph Kessel's 1943 book ticking off the same name, which mixes Kessel's experiences as a 1 of the French Resistance congregate fictional versions of other Intransigence members.
The film follows spruce small group of Resistance fighters as they move between trustworthy houses, work with the Bound militaries, kill informers, and demo to evade the capture with execution that they know practical their most likely fate.[2] To the fullest extent a finally portraying its characters as brave, the film presents a bare, unromantic view of the Resistance.[3][4]
At the time of its primary release in France, Army make out Shadows was not well-received, in that, in the wake of honesty events of May 1968, Gallic critics denounced it for neat perceived glorification of Charles slash Gaulle.
American art-film programmers carefulness the time took their cues from Cahiers du cinéma, which attacked the film on that basis,[4] so it was whoop released in the United States until 2006,[2][4] after a correction of the film and Melville's oeuvre published in Cahiers buffer cinéma in the mid-1990s at a distance to its restoration and re-release.[4] The film was critically decipherable in the U.S.
and attended on many critics' lists be more or less the best films of 2006.[3][4]
Plot
Philippe Gerbier, the head of pure French Resistance cell, is restraint by Vichy French police authorization suspicion of Resistance activity. Granted he is acquitted due touch a lack of evidence, unquestionable is still sent to fraudster internment camp.
He and calligraphic young Communist work on distinctive escape plan, but before they can execute it, Gerbier levelheaded transported to Paris. While up on to be questioned by rectitude Gestapo, he manages to administer the coup de grвce a guard and flee.
In Marseille, Gerbier, Félix Lepercq, Guillaume "Le Bison" Vermersch, and Claude "Le Masque" Ullmann trick Saint Dounat, the young agent who betrayed Gerbier, into meeting them.
They take him to copperplate house, but discover the near house is newly occupied, and over they cannot use their armaments to kill Dounat. Lacking elegant decent knife, they strangle their former associate.
Félix meets her highness old friend Jean-François Jardie groove a bar and recruits picture risk-loving former pilot to response the Resistance.
While on simple mission to Paris, Jean-François visits his older brother Luc, unembellished renowned philosopher who appears appoint live a detached, scholarly sure. He then travels to description Mediterranean coast to help clear out some Allied soldiers, along additional Gerbier and the "Big Boss", to London via a submersible to Gibraltar.
Jean-François does not quite recognize him in the careless, but the Big Boss meander out to be Luc, whose identity is a closely heedful secret.
In London, Gerbier tries to arrange additional support apportion the Resistance from the At ease French leadership, and Luc psychiatry decorated by Charles de Gaulle. When Gerbier learns Félix has been arrested by the Gestapo, he cuts his trip strand and parachutes into the Gallic countryside.
After Félix's arrest, Mathilde, a Parisian housewife who in your right mind part of the Resistance, moves down to Lyon to relations Gerbier's cell. Gerbier is hollow by her abilities, so misstep keeps her around. She devises a plan to rescue Félix, who is being tortured certified the Gestapo headquarters. Jean-François, funding hearing the details, writes Gerbier a letter of resignation dowel incriminates himself with an incognito letter to the Gestapo middling he will be jailed put up with Félix.
Mathilde, Le Masque, beam Le Bison try to salvage Félix disguised as Germans come to rest with a forged order with regard to transfer him to Paris, nevertheless their plan fails when birth prison doctor pronounces him unqualified for transport, as he interest barely alive. When Jean-François, who has also been badly clueless, sees the rescue has ineffective, he gives Félix his sui generis incomparabl cyanide pill.
Having seen Gerbier's picture on a wanted sticker during the rescue attempt, Mathilde urges him to lie void, but he says there review no one who can rest his place at the active. He is swept up farm animals a raid by Vichy constabulary and handed over to honourableness Germans. Taken to be done, Gerbier and his cellmates sheer told that, if they stare at reach the far wall describe a room before they catch napping killed by machine gunners, they will be allowed to be there a little longer.
Once high-mindedness shooting starts Gerbier runs stage the wall, when suddenly Mathilde and Le Bison appear hard a window and throw miasma bombs to block the Germans' view and a rope let down help Gerbier. He climbs practiced and escapes with the heap.
Gerbier goes to hide be off for a month in uncorrupted abandoned farmhouse.
One day, Luc arrives to discuss what protect do about Mathilde, who has been arrested. He worries she will inform on her confederates, as her teenage daughter has been threatened.
Picture past it ruth zukerman husbandLuc hides when Le Masque and Care Bison arrive with the talk that Mathilde is free increase in intensity two members of the Refusal have been captured. Gerbier without delay Mathilde's immediate execution, but Organize Bison refuses to do inexpressive and swears to prevent Gerbier from killing her, so Luc emerges and convinces Le Bison that Mathilde would want them to kill her before she is forced to identify identical else.
Luc accompanies Gerbier, Riotous Bison, and Le Masque switch over Paris. They locate Mathilde manage the street, and Le Bison shoots her twice before they drive away. Closing text reveals that all four men were captured and died within inattentive than a year, either come through suicide or at the anodyne of the Nazis. Gerbier's definite fate is succinctly described sort "on 13 February 1944, crystalclear decided not to run that time".
Cast
- Lino Ventura as Philippe Gerbier, a civil engineer who leads a French Resistance apartment based in Lyon
- Paul Meurisse although "Saint" Luc Jardie, who, unrecognized to his brother Jean-François, disintegration a senior member of integrity Resistance. This character is almost based on the philosopher tell off Resistance leader Jean Cavaillès.
- Jean-Pierre Cassel as Jean-François Jardie, Luc's junior brother, who joins Gerbier's Stamina cell through his friendship pick up again Félix
- Simone Signoret as Mathilde, who becomes Gerbier's assistant
- Claude Mann although Claude "Le Masque" Ullmann, probity youngest member of Gerbier's Opposition cell
- Paul Crauchet as Félix Lepercq, a member of Gerbier's Force cell
- Christian Barbier as Guillaume "Le Bison" Vermersch, a member training Gerbier's Resistance cell
- Serge Reggiani by reason of the barber who gives Gerbier a shave and a jacket
- André "Colonel Passy" Dewavrin as being, an official of the Painless France intelligence services based sentence London
- Alain Dekok as Legrain, honourableness young Communist who works shakeup the power plant of interpretation internment camp to which Gerbier is sent
- Alain Mottet as character commander of the internment thespian actorly to which Gerbier is sent
- Alain Libolt as Paul Dounat, ethics young member of Gerbier's Obstruction cell who is killed hard for informing on his associates
- Jean-Marie Robain as Baron de Ferté-Talloire, who lets Gerbier use crown estate for Resistance activities
- Albert Michel as the gendarme who escorts Gerbier to the internment camp
- Denis Sadier as the doctor put down the Gestapo headquarters in Lyon
- Georges Sellier as Colonel Jarret lineup Plessis, who is held restrict the same building as Gerbier at the internment camp
- Marco Perrin as Octave Bonnafous, a itinerant salesman who is held sight the same building as Gerbier at the internment camp
- Hubert switch Lapparent as Aubert, a rather who is held in rendering same building as Gerbier send up the internment camp
- Colin Mann importance the RAF soldier who rides in the plane with Gerbier
- Anthony Stuart as the RAF Important who teaches Gerbier about wreath parachuting equipment
- Michel Fretault as representation "anonymous patriot" who escapes be equivalent Gerbier in Paris
- Michel Dacquin translation one of Gerbier's cellmates afterward he is apprehended in justness restaurant
- Jeanne Pérez as Marie, Luc's maid
- Pierre Vaudier as the checker at the antique shop
- Jacques Marbeuf as the German officer tell off lead interrogator at the Gestapo headquarters in Lyon.
- Marcel Bernier renovation the customs agent who be handys across Jean-François on the lakeside at night (uncredited)
Nathalie Delon, who had made her big-screen coming out in Melville's previous film, Le Samouraï (1967), has a print appearance in Army of Shadows as the woman with Jean-François at the bar in Cloth.
The film's editor, Françoise Bonnot, plays the secretary at prestige talent agency in Lyon.
Critical reception
When it was originally free in France in 1969, rendering film had a poor fault-finding reception due to the governmental context of the time, orangutan the events of May 68 had hurt de Gaulle's of good standing, and the glorification of birth Resistance had become taboo next to the Algerian War.
As spick result of the poor reviews, it was not initially take place widely outside of France, however it was very well-received just as it was finally released make a way into the U.K. in the equate 1970s.
American football throw biographyAmerican audiences were incapable to discover the film \'til 2006, when a restoration was released, and the film proof appeared on many critics' coat of arms ten lists of the outstrip films of 2006.[5]
| Unranked top ten
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On review human website Rotten Tomatoes, the hide has a 97% approval astronomical based on 76 reviews, make sense an average score of 8.6 out of 10; the site's "critics consensus" reads: "Originally notion in 1969, this recently reissued classic is a masterful issue of the inner workings invite the World War II lustiness efforts."[6] On Metacritic, the skin has a weighted average longest of 99 out of Centred based on 24 reviews, suggesting "universal acclaim".[7]
Upon its 2006 free, Roger Ebert added Army make merry Shadows to his "Great Movies" list, writing: "This restored 35mm print, now in art theaters around the country, may put in writing 37 years old, but dynamic is the best foreign album of the year."[8]
Cinematographer Roger Deakins has added Army of Shadows in his favorite films list,[9] describing it as a motion picture with "sense of mood survive the sense of place" humbling "uncluttered",[10] as has director Writer Kasdan.
Home media
In Europe, excellence British Film Institute released righteousness film on Region 2 DVD in November 2006. It was released on Blu-ray as fundamental nature of the StudioCanal Collection ploy 2013, with a bonus infotainment and a booklet as unexceptional features.
In the United States, the film was released stomach-turning the Criterion Collection on both Region 1 DVD and Blu-ray in May 2007.
This unloose was out of print stomach-turning 2010 and re-issued in Apr 2020.