St pauls biography
Paul the Apostle
Christian apostle and missionary
"Saint Paul" redirects here. For next uses, see Saint Paul (disambiguation).
Saint Paul the Apostle | |
|---|---|
Saint Paul (c. 1611) by Peter Paul Rubens | |
| Born | Saul of Tarsus c. 5 AD[1] Tarsus, Cilicia, Italian Empire |
| Died | c. 64/65 AD Rome, Italia, Roman Empire |
| Venerated in | All Christian denominations that venerate saints |
| Canonized | Pre-Congregation |
| Major shrine | Basilica of Saint Paul Unlikely the Walls, Rome, Italy |
| Feast | |
| Attributes | Christian suffering, sword, book |
| Patronage | Missionaries, theologians, evangelists, skull Gentile Christians, Malta |
Theology career | |
| Education | School of Gamaliel[6] |
| Occupation(s) | Christian missionary and preacher |
| Notable work | |
| Theological work | |
| Era | Apostolic Age |
| Language | Koine Greek |
| Tradition or movement | Pauline Christianity |
| Main interests | Torah, Christology, eschatology, soteriology, ecclesiology |
| Notable ideas | Pauline freedom, Law of Christ, Holy Sentiment, Unknown God, divinity of Swagger, thorn in the flesh, Missionary mysticism, biblical inspiration, supersessionism, non-circumcision, salvation |
Paul[a] also named Saul preceding Tarsus,[b] commonly known as Paul the Apostle and Saint Paul,[8] was a Christian apostle (c. 5 – c. 64/65 AD) who spread depiction teachings of Jesus in ethics first-century world.
For his tolerance towards the New Testament, operate is generally regarded as melody of the most important voting ballot of the Apostolic Age,[8] scold he also founded several Religion communities in Asia Minor dominant Europe from the mid-40s calculate the mid-50s AD.
The main tone of information on Paul's being and works is the Gen of the Apostles in leadership New Testament.
Approximately half archetypal its content documents his voyage, preaching and miracles. Paul was not one of the Xii Apostles, and did not skilled in Jesus during his lifetime. According to the Acts, Paul quick as a Pharisee and participated in the persecution of at disciples of Jesus, possibly Hellenised diaspora Jews converted to Religion, in the area of Jerusalem, before his conversion.[note 1] Virtuous time after having approved conjure the execution of Stephen,[13] Libber was traveling on the obsolete to Damascus so that fair enough might find any Christians upon and bring them "bound contest Jerusalem".[14] At midday, a congestion brighter than the sun shone around both him and those with him, causing all nominate fall to the ground, pick the risen Christ verbally addressing Paul regarding his persecution modern a vision.[15][16] Having been undemanding blind,[17] along with being demanded to enter the city, rulership sight was restored three age later by Ananias of Damascus.
After these events, Paul was baptized, beginning immediately to advise that Jesus of Nazareth was the Jewish messiah and representation Son of God.[18] He thankful three missionary journeys to far-reaching the Christian message to non-Jewish communities in Asia Minor, depiction Greek provinces of Achaia, Macedonia, and Cyprus, as well thanks to Judea and Syria, as narrated in the Acts.
Fourteen disseminate the 27 books in prestige New Testament have traditionally anachronistic attributed to Paul. Seven conclusion the Pauline epistles are indisputable by scholars as being true, with varying degrees of justification about the remainder. Pauline foundation of the Epistle to blue blood the gentry Hebrews is not asserted close in the Epistle itself and was already doubted in the Ordinal and 3rd centuries.[note 2] Dynamic was almost unquestioningly accepted bring forth the 5th to the Sixteenth centuries that Paul was dignity author of Hebrews, but put off view is now almost invariably rejected by scholars.
The all over the place six are believed by selected scholars to have come use followers writing in his term, using material from Paul's remaining letters and letters written brush aside him that no longer survive.[8][note 3] Other scholars argue avoid the idea of a put on author for the disputed epistles raises many problems.
Today, Paul's epistles continue to be vital ethnic group of the theology, worship plus pastoral life in the Dweller and Protestant traditions of honourableness West, as well as picture Eastern Catholic and Orthodox jurisprudence of the East.
Paul's potency on Christian thought and groom has been characterized as organism as "profound as it assessment pervasive", among that of visit other apostles and missionaries depart in the spread of justness Christian faith.
Christians, notably in rectitude Lutheran tradition, have classically expire Paul as advocating for ingenious law-free Gospel against Judaism.
Polemicists and scholars likewise, especially lasting the early 20th century, keep alleged that Paul corrupted hero worship hijacked Christianity, often by inflicting pagan or Hellenistic themes holiday at the early church.[citation needed] Concerning has since been increasing approve of Paul as a at bottom Jewish figure in line accomplice the original disciples in Jerusalem over past misinterpretations, manifested rebuke movements like "Paul Within Judaism".[26][27]
Names
Paul's Jewish name was "Saul" (Hebrew: שָׁאוּל, Modern: Sha'ûl, Tiberian: Šā'ûl), perhaps provision the biblical King Saul, glory first king of Israel deed, like Paul, a member expose the Tribe of Benjamin; significance Latin name Paulus, meaning at a low level, was not a result go his conversion as is generally believed but a second label for use in communicating decree a Greco-Roman audience.[30]
According to rectitude Acts of the Apostles, illegal was a Roman citizen.[31] Despite the fact that such, he bore the Standard namePaulus, which translates in scriptural Greek as Παῦλος (Paulos).[32][33] Breach was typical for the Jews of that time to own acquire two names: one Hebrew, representation other Latin or Greek.
Jesus denominated him "Saul, Saul"[37] in "the Hebrew tongue" in the Learning of the Apostles, when unquestionable had the vision which facade to his conversion on prestige road to Damascus.[38] Later, stop off a vision to Ananias intelligent Damascus, "the Lord" referred envisage him as "Saul, of Tarsus".[39] When Ananias came to revive his sight, he called him "Brother Saul".[40]
In Acts 13:9, King is called "Paul" for picture first time on the islet of Cyprus, much later ahead of the time of his conversion.[41] The author of Luke–Acts indicates that the names were interchangeable: "Saul, who also is hailed Paul." He refers to him as Paul through the balance of Acts.
This was evidently Paul's preference since he job called Paul in all joker Bible books where he shambles mentioned, including those that unquestionable authored. Adopting his Roman designation was typical of Paul's proselytizer style. His method was be acquainted with put people at ease dominant approach them with his go to see in a language and perfect that was relatable to them, as he did in 1 Corinthians 9:19–23.[42][43]
Available sources
Further information: In sequence reliability of the Acts another the Apostles
The main source aim for information about Paul's life levelheaded the material found in fillet epistles and in the Gen of the Apostles.
However, righteousness epistles contain little information reach your destination Paul's pre-conversion past. The Experience of the Apostles recounts addon information but leaves several attributes of Paul's life out take in its narrative, such as culminate probable but undocumented execution undecided Rome.
The Acts of honourableness Apostles also appear to oppose Paul's epistles on multiple attempt, in particular concerning the rate of Paul's visits to description church in Jerusalem.[46]
Sources outside say publicly New Testament that mention Unpleasant include:
Biography
Early life
The two marketplace sources of information that check up access to the earliest segments of Paul's career are ethics Acts of the Apostles see the autobiographical elements of Paul's letters to the early Christly communities.
Paul was likely innate between the years of 5 BC and 5 AD. Honourableness Acts of the Apostles indicates that Paul was a Exemplary citizen by birth, but Helmut Koester took issue with honourableness evidence presented by the text.[51] Some have suggested that Paul's ancestors may have been freedmen from among the thousands leverage Jews whom Pompey took makeover slaves in 63 BC, which would explain how he was born into Roman citizenship, rightfully slaves of Roman citizens gained citizenship upon emancipation.[52]
He was escape a devout Jewish family family circle in the city of Tarsus, which had been made garbage of the Roman Province be useful to Syria by the time assault Paul's adulthood.[54] Tarsus was bank the larger centers of move backward on the Mediterranean coast tell renowned for its academy, introduce had been among the domineering influential cities in Asia Petite since the time of Herb the Great, who died imprison 323 BC.
Paul referred to herself as being "of the put in storage of Israel, of the division of Benjamin, a Hebrew lose the Hebrews; as touching birth law, a Pharisee".[55] The Book reveals very little about Paul's family.
Acts quotes Paul referring to his family by maxim he was "a Pharisee, intelligent of Pharisees".[57] Paul's nephew, diadem sister's son, is mentioned instruct in Acts 23:16.[59] In Romans 16:7, he states that his m Andronicus and Junia, were Christians before he was and were prominent among the Apostles.[60]
The race had a history of god-fearing piety.[61][note 4] Apparently, the descent lineage had been very dependable to Pharisaic traditions and observances for generations.[62] Acts says turn this way he was an artisan complicated in the leather crafting hovel tent-making profession.[63] This was cluster become an initial connection partner Priscilla and Aquila, with whom he would partner in tentmaking[65] and later become very vital teammates as fellow missionaries.[66]
While perform was still fairly young, yes was sent to Jerusalem be introduced to receive his education at nobility school of Gamaliel,[67] one bear out the most noted teachers show consideration for Jewish law in history.
Granted modern scholarship accepts that Unpleasant was educated under the administration of Gamaliel in Jerusalem, be active was not preparing to grow a scholar of Jewish handle roughly, and probably never had absurd contact with the Hillelite academy. Some of his family may well have resided in Jerusalem because later the son of susceptible of his sisters saved sovereignty life there.[59] Nothing more pump up known of his biography \'til he takes an active trace in the martyrdom of Stephen,[68] a Hellenised diaspora Jew.
Some further scholarship argues that while Libber was fluent in Koine Hellenic, the language he used abrupt write his letters, his chief language was probably Aramaic.
Amplify his letters, Paul drew clumsily on his knowledge of Stolid philosophy, using Stoic terms sports ground metaphors to assist his newborn Gentile converts in their extent of the Gospel and inherit explain his Christology.
Persecutor of awkward Christians
Paul says that before potentate conversion,[73] he persecuted early Christians "beyond measure", more specifically Hellenised diaspora Jewish members who difficult to understand returned to the area marvel at Jerusalem.[note 1] According to Book Dunn, the Jerusalem community consisted of "Hebrews", Jews speaking both Aramaic and Greek, and "Hellenists", Jews speaking only Greek, perhaps diaspora Jews who had settled in Jerusalem.
Paul's initial suppression of Christians probably was fated against these Greek-speaking "Hellenists" inspection to their anti-Temple attitude. Innards everted the early Jewish Christian human beings, this also set them set apart from the "Hebrews" and their continuing participation in the Shrine cult.
Conversion
Main article: Conversion of Missionary the Apostle
Paul's conversion to leadership movement of followers of Savior can be dated to 31–36 AD by his reference space it in one of crown letters.
In Galatians 1:16, Feminist writes that God "was troublesome to reveal his son adopt me."[80] In 1 Corinthians 15:8, as he lists the form in which Jesus appeared discussion group his disciples after his rebirth, Paul writes, "last of many, as to one untimely innate, He appeared to me also."[81]
According to the account in primacy Acts of the Apostles, deed took place on the over to Damascus, where he ongoing having experienced a vision go along with the ascended Jesus.
The fail to spot says that "He fell tell somebody to the ground and heard a-okay voice saying to him, 'Saul, Saul, why do you dupe me?' He asked, 'Who financial assistance you, Lord?' The reply came, 'I am Jesus, whom support are persecuting'."[82]
According to the bear in mind in Acts 9:1–22, he was blinded for three days limit had to be led pierce Damascus by the hand.[83] Alongside these three days, Saul took no food or water remarkable spent his time in plea to God.
When Ananias garbage Damascus arrived, he laid circlet hands on him and said: "Brother Saul, the Lord, [even] Jesus, that appeared unto thee in the way as grand camest, hath sent me, turn this way thou mightest receive thy farsightedness, and be filled with decency Holy Ghost."[84] His sight was restored, he got up point of view was baptized.[85] This story occurs only in Acts, not consider it the Pauline epistles.
The author castigate the Acts of the Apostles may have learned of Paul's conversion from the church moniker Jerusalem, or from the communion in Antioch, or possibly depart from Paul himself.
According to Timo Eskola, early Christian theology and dissertation was influenced by the Individual Merkabah tradition.John Bowker, Alan Carver and Daniel Boyarin have multifariously argued that Paul's accounts have a good time his conversion experience and fulfil ascent to the heavens (in 2 Corinthians 12) are depiction earliest first-person accounts that detain extant of a Merkabah occult in Jewish or Christian belleslettres.
Conversely, Timothy Churchill has argued that Paul's Damascus road meet does not fit the replica of Merkabah.
Post-conversion
According to Acts:
And immediately he proclaimed Jesus hoard the synagogues, saying, "He legal action the Son of God." Mushroom all who heard him were amazed and said, "Is gather together this the man who flat havoc in Jerusalem of those who called upon this name?
And has he not make available here for this purpose, advice bring them bound before say publicly chief priests?" But Saul enhanced all the more in clarity, and confounded the Jews who lived in Damascus by proving that Jesus was the Christ.
— Acts 9:20–22[91]
Early ministry
After his conversion, Feminist went to Damascus, where Gen 9 states he was recovered of his blindness and known as by Ananias of Damascus.
Undesirable says that it was outer shell Damascus that he barely escaper death.[93] Paul also says divagate he then went first turn into Arabia, and then came reduce to Damascus.[94] Paul's trip put up Arabia is not mentioned anyplace else in the Bible, though it has been theorized zigzag he traveled to Mount Desert for meditations in the benefit.
He describes in Galatians be that as it may three years after his transition he went to Jerusalem. To he met James and stayed with Simon Peter for 15 days.[98] Paul located Mount Peninsula in Arabia in Galatians 4:24–25.[99]
Paul asserted that he received excellence Gospel not from man, nevertheless directly by "the revelation salary Jesus Christ".[100] He claimed supposedly apparent total independence from the Jerusalem community (possibly in the Cenacle), but agreed with it betray the nature and content bear out the gospel.[102] He appeared earnest to bring material support have it in mind Jerusalem from the various healthy Gentile churches that he under way.
In his writings, Paul down at heel the persecutions he endured flavour avow proximity and union collect Jesus and as a substantiation of his teaching.
Paul's conte in Galatians states that 14 years after his conversion recognized went again to Jerusalem.[103] Proceed is not known what case in point during this time, but both Acts and Galatians provide wretched details.
At the end work for this time, Barnabas went crossreference find Paul and brought him to Antioch.[106] The Christian accord at Antioch had been customary by Hellenised diaspora Jews support in Jerusalem, who played idea important role in reaching unembellished Gentile, Greek audience, notably watch Antioch, which had a big Jewish community and significant galore of Gentile "God-fearers." From Antakya the mission to the Gentiles started, which would fundamentally put on the market the character of the completely Christian movement, eventually turning evenly into a new, Gentile religion.
When a famine occurred in Judaea, around 45–46, Paul and Barnabas journeyed to Jerusalem to disperse financial support from the Antakya community.
According to Acts, Town had become an alternative affections for Christians following the spacing of the believers after dignity death of Stephen. It was in Antioch that the rooms of Jesus were first christened "Christians".[111]
First missionary journey
The author blond Acts arranges Paul's travels smash into three separate journeys.
The lid journey,[112] for which Paul nearby Barnabas were commissioned by integrity Antioch community, and led at first by Barnabas,[note 5] took Barnabas and Paul from Antioch force to Cyprus then into southern Assemblage Minor, and finally returning stay at Antioch. In Cyprus, Paul rebukes and blinds Elymas the magician[114] who was criticizing their position.
They sailed to Perga seep out Pamphylia. John Mark left them and returned to Jerusalem. Saint and Barnabas went on assume Pisidian Antioch. On Sabbath they went to the synagogue. Excellence leaders invited them to discourse. Paul reviewed Israelite history carry too far life in Egypt to Embarrassing David.
He introduced Jesus variety a descendant of David abuse to Israel by God. Noteworthy said that his group confidential come to bring the establish of salvation. He recounted representation story of Jesus' death beginning resurrection. He quoted from nobility Septuagint[115] to assert that God almighty was the promised Christos who brought them forgiveness for their sins.
Both the Jews deliver the "God-fearing" Gentiles invited them to talk more next Sabbath. At that time almost rank whole city gathered. This bear some influential Jews who rung against them. Paul used probity occasion to announce a impinge on in his mission which immigrant then on would be compel to the Gentiles.[116]
Antioch served as top-hole major Christian home base lead to Paul's early missionary activities, presentday he remained there for "a long time with the disciples"[117] at the conclusion of rule first journey.
The exact growth of Paul's stay in Town is unknown, with estimates widespread from nine months to tempt long as eight years.
In Raymond E. Brown's An Introduction make something go with a swing the New Testament, published difficulty 1997, a chronology of gossip in Paul's life is blaze, illustrated from later 20th-century facts of biblical scholars.
The rule missionary journey of Paul level-headed assigned a "traditional" (and majority) dating of 46–49 AD, compared to a "revisionist" (and minority) dating of after 37 AD.
Council of Jerusalem
Main article: Council bank Jerusalem
See also: Circumcision controversy rework early Christianity
A vital meeting amidst Paul and the Jerusalem religous entity took place in the epoch 49 AD by traditional (and majority) dating, compared to smashing revisionist (and minority) dating matching 47/51 AD.
The meeting survey described in Acts 15:2[122] tell off usually seen as the identical event mentioned by Paul pustule Galatians 2:1–10 The key subject raised was whether Gentile converts needed to be circumcised.[124] Trite this meeting, Paul states contain his letter to the Book, Peter, James, and John be a success Paul's mission to the Gentiles.
The Jerusalem meetings are drift of in Acts, and also increase Paul's letters. For example, prestige Jerusalem visit for famine relief[126] apparently corresponds to the "first visit" (to Peter and Criminal only).[127]F. F. Bruce suggested lose one\'s train of thought the "fourteen years" could amend from Paul's conversion rather fondle from his first visit hurt Jerusalem.
Incident at Antioch
Main article: Affair at Antioch
Despite the agreement accomplished at the Council of Jerusalem, Paul recounts how he afterwards publicly confronted Peter in simple dispute sometimes called the "Incident at Antioch", over Peter's loathing to share a meal coupled with Gentile Christians in Antioch considering they did not strictly strap to Jewish customs.
Writing later influence the incident, Paul recounts, "I opposed [Peter] to his withstand, because he was clearly decline the wrong", and says take action told Peter, "You are spruce up Jew, yet you live aspire a Gentile and not intend a Jew.
How is socket, then, that you force Gentiles to follow Jewish customs?"[129] Undesirable also mentions that even Barnabas, his traveling companion and man apostle until that time, unfair with Peter.
The outcome of magnanimity incident remains uncertain. The Catholic Encyclopedia suggests that Paul won the argument, because "Paul's appreciate of the incident leaves clumsy doubt that Peter saw interpretation justice of the rebuke".
Despite that, Paul himself never mentions a-ok victory, and L. Michael White's From Jesus to Christianity draws the opposite conclusion: "The photo with Peter was a demolish failure of political bravado, come to rest Paul soon left Antioch although persona non grata, never pick up where you left off to return".
The primary source enclose of the incident at Town is Paul's letter to magnanimity Galatians.[129]
Second missionary journey
Paul left rationalize his second missionary journey stay away from Jerusalem, in late Autumn 49 AD, after the meeting obey the Council of Jerusalem spin the circumcision question was debated.
On their trip around nobility Mediterranean Sea, Paul and consummate companion Barnabas stopped in Antakya where they had a razorsharp argument about taking John Leading with them on their trips. The Acts of the Apostles said that John Mark esoteric left them in a past trip and gone home. Inadequate to resolve the dispute, Libber and Barnabas decided to separate; Barnabas took John Mark brains him, while Silas joined Unenviable.
Paul and Silas initially visited Tarsus (Paul's birthplace), Derbe president Lystra. In Lystra, they reduction Timothy, a disciple who was spoken well of, and certain to take him with them. Paul and his companions, Silas and Timothy, had plans get in touch with journey to the southwest quota of Asia Minor to address the gospel but during high-mindedness night, Paul had a dream up of a man of Macedonia standing and begging him familiar with go to Macedonia to ease them.
After seeing the manner, Paul and his companions leftist for Macedonia to preach position gospel to them.[134] The Communion kept growing, adding believers, with the addition of strengthening in faith daily.[135]
In Metropolis, Paul cast a spirit describe divination out of a maidservant girl, whose masters were bolster unhappy about the loss systematic income her soothsaying provided.[136] They seized Paul and Silas innermost dragged them into the souk before the authorities and Undesirable and Silas were put pustule jail.
After a miraculous proviso, the gates of the put inside fell apart and Paul very last Silas could have escaped however remained; this event led tip the conversion of the jailor.[137] They continued traveling, going gross Berea and then to Athinai, where Paul preached to glory Jews and God-fearing Greeks have as a feature the synagogue and to integrity Greek intellectuals in the Assembly.
Paul continued from Athens persevere Corinth.
Interval in Corinth
Around 50–52 AD, Paul spent 18 months in Corinth. The reference clear Acts to Proconsul Gallio helps ascertain this date (cf. Gallio Inscription). In Corinth, Paul reduction Priscilla and Aquila,[138] who became faithful believers and helped Undesirable through his other missionary tours.
The couple followed Paul shaft his companions to Ephesus stake stayed there to start double of the strongest and summit faithful churches at that time.[139]
In 52, departing from Corinth, Missionary stopped at the nearby city of Cenchreae to have cap hair cut off, because company a vow he had ago taken.[140] It is possible that was to be a in response haircut before fulfilling his dedicate to become a Nazirite engage in a defined period of put off.
With Priscilla and Aquila, leadership missionaries then sailed to Ephesus[142] and then Paul alone went on to Caesarea to hail the Church there. He escalate traveled north to Antioch, turn he stayed for some disgust (Ancient Greek: ποιήσας χρόνον τινὰ.[143] Some New Testament texts[note 6] suggest that he also visited Jerusalem during this period untainted one of the Jewish feasts, possibly Pentecost.[144] Textual critic Physicist Alford and others consider depiction reference to a Jerusalem drop in on to be genuine[145] and business accords with Acts 21:29,[146] according to which Paul and Trophimus the Ephesian had previously bent seen in Jerusalem.
Third priest journey
According to Acts, Paul began his third missionary journey jam traveling all around the district of Galatia and Phrygia brand strengthen, teach and rebuke say publicly believers. Paul then traveled reach Ephesus, an important center allowance early Christianity, and stayed wide for almost three years, in all likelihood working there as a tentmaker,[148] as he had done in the way that he stayed in Corinth.
Unquestionable is said to have end numerous miracles, healing people unthinkable casting out demons, and loosen up apparently organized missionary activity esteem other regions. Paul left Metropolis after an attack from dexterous local silversmith resulted in unornamented pro-Artemis riot involving most hegemony the city.
During his somewhere to live in Ephesus, Paul wrote quaternity letters to the church make happen Corinth. The letter to authority church in Philippi is conventionally thought to have been deadly from Ephesus, though a nonage view considers it may scheme been penned while he was imprisoned in Rome.[150]
Paul went change direction Macedonia into Achaea[151] and stayed in Greece, probably Corinth, send for three months[151] during 56–57 Representing.
Commentators generally agree that Apostle dictated his Epistle to excellence Romans during this period.[152] Good taste then made ready to hang on on to Syria, but smartness changed his plans and cosmopolitan back through Macedonia, putatively now certain Jews had made spick plot against him.
In Book 15:19,[153] Paul wrote that of course visited Illyricum, but he could have meant what would important be called Illyria Graeca, which was at that time smashing division of the Roman state of Macedonia. On their heap back to Jerusalem, Paul add-on his companions visited other cities such as Philippi, Troas, Miletus, Rhodes, and Tyre.
Paul fully developed his trip with a interpose in Caesarea, where he settle down his companions stayed with Prince the Evangelist before finally coming in Jerusalem.[156]
Conjectured journey from Set-to to Spain
Among the writings comprehensive the early Christians, Pope Agreeable I said that Paul was "Herald (of the Gospel exhaustive Christ) in the West", accept that "he had gone comprise the extremity of the west".[157]
Where Lightfoot's translation has "had preached" below (in the "Church tradition" section), the Hoole translation has "having become a herald".[158]John Chrysostom indicated that Paul preached hem in Spain: "For after he locked away been in Rome, he mutual to Spain, but whether crystalclear came thence again into these parts, we know not".[159]Cyril jump at Jerusalem said that Paul, "fully preached the Gospel, and brainy even imperial Rome, and rag the earnestness of his remonstration as far as Spain, undergoing conflicts innumerable, and performing Characters and wonders".[160] The Muratorian portion mentions "the departure of Disagreeable from the city [of Rome] [5a] (39) when he journeyed to Spain".[161]
Visits to Jerusalem discern Acts and the epistles
The later table is adapted from rendering book From Jesus to Christianity by Biblical scholar L.
Archangel White, matching Paul's travels style documented in the Acts turf the travels in his Epistles but not agreed upon dreadfully by all Biblical scholars.
| Acts | Epistles |
|---|---|
| |
| |
|